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Louis Lloyd Winter (March 17, 1924–November 5, 1965) was a Canadian businessman and a pioneer of the generic drug industry in Canada. He was born on St. Patrick's Day (March 17) in Toronto, Ontario, Canada in 1924, but by the time of his sudden death of a suspected aneurysm on November 5, 1965, he had built Empire Laboratories into the then-largest pharmaceutical business in Canada. ==Business experience== Louis Winter was the youngest of six children, who attended Jarvis Collegiate Institute in Toronto where he made the honour roll before being accepted into the biochemistry program at the University of Toronto. Shortly after Louis graduated from university with a Masters Degree in Biochemistry, he borrowed $10,000 from his father Abraham, and opened his first venture in 1948 called Winter Laboratories. The business was based in the family's garage processing blood work and pregnancy tests for local pharmacies, doctors' offices and medical clinics. With just his school mate, Toby Johansen, to handle initial sales, the company quickly outgrew its space and moved into a home near the University of Toronto's main campus. The business eventually expanded and Winter Laboratories leased the basement of the Mothercraft Building on Bloor Street, where Rochdale College would later be built and eventually open in 1968. Louis Winter recognized that brand name pharmaceutical drugs and popular over-the-counter medications were expensive, and that many consumers were having a difficult time purchasing their required prescriptions. He knew that many of these products could be synthesized or purchased in bulk and then manufactured or packaged into their required dosage forms for a fraction of their retail cost. He investigated this prospect further with the Canadian government authorities, and he discovered from Industry Canada, their Patent Office, and the government's Health Protection Branch, that he could establish a pharmaceutical manufacturing business providing that he adhered to their strict plant conditions and production standards. Before officially starting his own generic pharmaceutical company, on July 20, 1955, Louis Winter incorporated Anchor Serum Company of Canada Limited, after negotiating the exclusive Canadian rights to manufacture the product line of Anchor Serum Company of St. Louis, MO. Anchor Serum primarily specialized in supplying pharmaceuticals to veterinarians. As his manufacturing business expanded, Winter then purchased a four story industrial building at 77 Florence Street, the former candy manufacturing facility of Jenny Lynn Chocolates, and on August 21, 1959, he incorporated Empire Laboratories Limited. Empire Laboratories became the first Canadian pharmaceutical company that was permitted to keep its pill and product packaging exactly like its brand name counterparts, to prevent consumers from becoming confused when purchasing its lower cost generic medication alternatives, providing that Empire placed its recognizable "E" trademark identity directly on all of its products (Parke, Davis & Co. v. Empire Laboratories Ltd., () S.C.R. 351). This landmark Supreme Court case was instrumental in the development of Canada's generic drug industry. Louis Winter soon had to expand his operations and purchased a larger five story building from the Reichmann family, the former Planter's Peanut factory at 301 Lansdowne Avenue, just two blocks from Empire's current base on Florence Street, and he added additional production, including a synthesis laboratory on the top floor for the manufacturing of saccharine, the low calorie sweetener. Winter also purchased a printing facility which he renamed Professional Printing Services Limited from the Mount family in 1963 that was originally located at 1389 Weston Road, Toronto, and Walter and Peter Mount became Empire employees. Empire Laboratories could then provide all of its independent pharmacies from coast to coast with customized prescription delivery bags, point-of-purchase displays, posters, and signage as a loyalty incentive, in an era prior to the dominance of national chain drug stores. Empire also provided medical practitioners with complimentary stationary and prescription pads. To offset these marketing costs, Empire's printing division also retained dedicated print brokers and a couple of sales representatives to ensure that the division did not operate at a loss, and it processed all of the company's product labels and plant packaging. The Empire pharmaceutical operation became diversified and expanded, and it became one of Canada's largest pharmaceutical companies with over 100 products in its 1964 product catalog. Empire was the first Canadian firm to license and manufacture popular medications like Valium (diazepam), Orinase (tolbutamide) and Tetracyn (tetracycline). The United States market was becoming a greater focus, and the U.S. military became a client, and a special manufacturing facility was being built in Puerto Rico under PRIDCO (Puerto Rico Industrial Development Company) to ship products tariff free to the US Mainland. Lou Winter also invested in Vanguard Medical Supplies, the first Canadian mail-order based pharmaceutical business with Israel Kerzner and Murray Rubin, to service rural regions via catalog mail order, and Professional Printing Services handled all of the catalog production. Unfortunately, at just 41 years, Louis Winter died on November 5, 1965, at St. Joseph's Hospital in Toronto, just seventeen days prior to his wife Beverley's death; who had previously been hospitalized at the same facility having been diagnosed with terminal leukemia. The couple left four orphaned children under the age of seven: Paul born on December 16, 1958; Jeffrey born on May 23, 1960; (Kerry ) born June 3, 1961; and Dana born on June 21, 1962. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Louis Lloyd Winter」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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